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NOAA National Centers
for Environmental Information

State Climate Summaries 2022

RESOURCES

Ice Fishing
Image by Rande Knapmiller from Pixabay

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  • Hastings, M., J. Goff, N. Hammond, S. Kutikoff, and J. Neiles, 2021: Remembering Tropical Storm Irene [story map]. National Weather Service Burlington, Burlington, VT. https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/a596e2f186394d3d9c285e71e5e2f460
  • Hayhoe, K., D.J. Wuebbles, D.R. Easterling, D.W. Fahey, S. Doherty, J. Kossin, W. Sweet, R. Vose, and M. Wehner, 2018: Our changing climate. In: Impacts, Risks, and Adaptation in the United States: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume II. Reidmiller, D.R., C.W. Avery, D.R. Easterling, K.E. Kunkel, K.L.M. Lewis, T.K. Maycock, and B.C. Stewart, Eds. U.S. Global Change Research Program, Washington, DC, 72–144. https://nca2018.globalchange.gov/chapter/2/
  • Heffner, L., R. Williams, V. Lee, P. Rubinoff, and C. Lord, 2012: Climate Change and Rhode Island’s Coasts: Past, Present, and Future. University of Rhode Island Coastal Resources Center and the Rhode Island Sea Grant, Kingston, RI, 37 pp. http://dx.doi.org/10.13140/2.1.3267.9361
  • Hendricks, N., n.d.: Encyclopedia of Arkansas: Flood of 1927. Central Arkansas Library System, Little Rock, AR, last modified April 17, 2017. https://encyclopediaofarkansas.net/entries/flood-of-1927-2202/
  • Hodgkins, G.A., I.C. James II, and T.G. Huntington, 2005: Historical Changes in Lake Ice-Out Dates as Indicators of Climate Change in New England, 1850–2000. Fact Sheet 2005-3002. U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA, 2 pp. https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2005/3002/pdf/fs2005-3002.pdf
  • Hoerling, M., A. Kumar, R. Dole, J.W. Nielsen-Gammon, J. Eischeid, J. Perlwitz, X.-W. Quan, T. Zhang, P. Pegion, and M. Chen, 2013: Anatomy of an extreme event. Journal of Climate, 26 (9), 2811–2832. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00270.1
  • Hurricanes: Science and Society, n.d.: 1969—Hurricane Camille. University of Rhode Island, Graduate School of Oceanography, Narraganset, RI. http://www.hurricanescience.org/history/storms/1960s/camille/

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  • Jackson, K.S. and S.A. Vivian, 1997: Flood of March 1997 in Southern Ohio. Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4149. Prepared in cooperation with the Ohio Department of Natural Resources, U.S. Geological Survey, Branch of Information Services, Denver, CO, 25 pp. https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4149/report.pdf
  • Jacobs, J.J. and D.J. Brosz, 1993: Wyoming's Water Resources. B-969. University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY. http://library.wrds.uwyo.edu/wrp/93-12/93-12.html
  • Jacobson, E., J. O’Hanlon, S. Condliffe, C. Bennett, and M. Sloan, 2005: Demographics and Profiles of Delaware’s Elderly. Fact Sheet 2. Institute for Public Administration, University of Delaware, Dover, DE, 4 pp. http://udspace.udel.edu/handle/19716/1294
  • Jacobson, G.L., I.J. Fernandez, P.A. Mayewski, and C.V. Schmitt, Eds., 2009: Maine’s Climate Future: An Initial Assessment. University of Maine, Orono, ME, 74 pp. https://climatechange.umaine.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/439/2018/08/Maines_Climate_Future.pdf
  • Jencso, K., B. Parker, M. Downey, T. Hadwen, A. Howell, J. Rattling Leaf, L. Edwards, A. Akyuz, D. Kluck, D. Peck, M. Rath, M. Syner, N. Umphlett, H. Wilmer, V. Barnes, D. Clabo, B. Fuchs, M. He, S. Johnson, J. Kimball, D. Longknife, D. Martin, N. Nikerson, J. Sage, and T. Fransen, 2019: Flash Drought: Lessons Learned from the 2017 Drought Across the U.S. Northern Plains and Canadian Prairies. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Integrated Drought Information System, Boulder, CO, 76 pp. https://www.drought.gov/sites/default/files/2020-09/NIDIS_LL_FlashDrought_2017_Final_6.6.2019.pdf
  • Juracek, K.E., C.A. Perry, and J.E. Putnam, 2001: The 1951 Floods in Kansas Revisited. Fact Sheet 041-01. U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/fs04101
  • Jury, M.R., S. Chiao, and E.W. Harmsen, 2009: Mesoscale structure of trade wind convection over Puerto Rico: Composite observations and numerical simulation. Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 132 (2), 289–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10546-009-9393-3
  • Jury, M.R., R. Rios-Berrios, and E. García, 2012: Caribbean hurricanes: Changes of intensity and track prediction. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 107 (1), 297–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00704-011-0461-5

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  • Karl, T., J.M. Melillo, and T.C. Peterson, Eds., 2009: Global Climate Change Impacts in the United State. Cambridge University Press, New York, NY, 196 pp. https://downloads.globalchange.gov/usimpacts/pdfs/climate-impacts-report.pdf
  • Keener, V., D. Helweg, S. Asam, S. Balwani, M. Burkett, C. Fletcher, T. Giambelluca, Z. Grecni, M. Nobrega-Olivera, J. Polovina, and G. Tribble, 2018: Hawai‘i and U.S.-Affiliated Pacific Islands. In: Impacts, Risks, and Adaptation in the United States: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume II. Reidmiller, D.R., C.W. Avery, D. Easterling, K. Kunkel, K.L.M. Lewis, T.K. Maycock, and B.C. Stewart, Eds. U.S. Global Change Research Program, Washington, DC, USA, 1242–1308. http://dx.doi.org/10.7930/NCA4.2018.CH27
  • Keener, V.W., J.J. Marra, M.L. Finucane, D. Spooner, and M.H. Smith, Eds., 2013: Climate Change and Pacific Islands: Indicators and Impacts: Report for the 2012 Pacific Islands Regional Climate Assessment (PIRCA). Island Press, Washington, DC, 196 pp.
  • Keener, V.W., K. Hamilton, S.K. Izuka, K.E. Kunkel, L.E. Stevens, and L. Sun, 2013: Regional Climate Trends and Scenarios for the U.S. National Climate Assessment Part 8. Climate of the Pacific Islands. NOAA Technical Report NESDIS 142-8. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, Silver Spring, MD, 52 pp. https://nesdis-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/migrated/NOAA_NESDIS_Tech_Report_142-8-Climate_of_the_Pacific_Islands.pdf
  • Kennedy, C., 2012: Thriving on a sinking landscape. Climate.gov News & Features. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver Spring, MD. https://www.climate.gov/news-features/features/thriving-sinking-landscape
  • Kennedy, C., 2013: Underwater: Land loss in coastal Louisiana since 1932. Climate.gov News & Features, April 5, 2013, last modified July 13, 2021. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver Spring, MD. https://www.climate.gov/news-features/featured-images/underwater-land-loss-coastal-louisiana-1932
  • Kennedy, C., 2014: Western drought brings Lake Mead to lowest level since it was built. ClimateWatch Magazine, September 4, 2014. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver Spring, MD. https://www.climate.gov/news-features/featured-images/western-drought-brings-lake-mead-lowest-level-it-was-built
  • Kim, H.-C., S. Son, P. Montagna, B. Spiering, and J. Nam, 2014: Linkage between freshwater inflow and primary productivity in Texas estuaries: Downscaling effects of climate variability. Journal of Coastal Research, 68 (sp1), 65–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2112/SI68-009.1
  • Kluver, D. and D. Leathers, 2015: Regionalization of snowfall frequency and trends over the contiguous United States. International Journal of Climatology, 35 (14), 4348–4358. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/joc.4292
  • Knabb, R.D., J.R. Rhome, and D.P. Brown, 2005 (2011 update): Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Katrina, 23–30 August 2005. AL122005. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Hurricane Center, Miami, FL, 43 pp. https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL122005_Katrina.pdf
  • Knowlton, K., 2015: Climate Change Threatens Health. National Resources Defense Council, New York, NY. https://www.nrdc.org/resources/climate-change-threatens-health
  • Knox, P., 2017: More on the impacts of the March freeze on peaches and blueberries. Climate and Agriculture in the Southeast, June 1, 2017. University of Georgia Extension, Athens, GA. https://site.extension.uga.edu/climate/2017/06/more-on-the-impacts-of-the-march-freeze-on-peaches-and-blueberries/
  • Knutson, T.R., J.L. McBride, J. Chan, K. Emanuel, G. Holland, C. Landsea, I. Held, J.P. Kossin, A.K. Srivastava, and M. Sugi, 2010: Tropical cyclones and climate change. Nature Geoscience, 3 (3), 157–163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ngeo779
  • Komar, P.D. and S.-M. Shih, 1993: Cliff erosion along the Oregon coast: A tectonic-sea level imprint plus local controls by beach processes. Journal of Coastal Research, 9 (3), 747–765. http://www.jstor.org/stable/4298127
  • Konrad, C.P., 2003: Effects of Urban Development on Floods. Fact Sheet 076-03. U.S. Geological Survey, Tacoma, WA. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/fs07603
  • Kruk, M.C. and D.H. Levinson, 2008: Evaluating the impacts of climate change on rainfall extremes for Hawaii and coastal Alaska. In: 24th Conference on Severe Local Storms. Savannah, GA, 27–31 October 2008. https://ams.confex.com/ams/24SLS/techprogram/paper_142172.htm
  • Kunkel, K.E. and S.M. Champion, 2019: An assessment of rainfall from Hurricanes Harvey and Florence relative to other extremely wet storms in the United States. Geophysical Research Letters, 46 (22), 13500–13506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2019GL085034
  • Kunkel, K.E., D.R. Easterling, K. Redmond, and K. Hubbard, 2003: Temporal variations of extreme precipitation events in the United States: 1895–2000. Geophysical Research Letters, 30 (17). http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2003GL018052
  • Kunkel, K.E., L. Ensor, M. Palecki, D. Easterling, D. Robinson, K.G. Hubbard, and K. Redmond, 2009: A new look at lake-effect snowfall trends in the Laurentian Great Lakes using a temporally homogeneous data set. Journal of Great Lakes Research, 35 (1), 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2008.11.003
  • Kunkel, K.E., M. Palecki, L. Ensor, K.G. Hubbard, D. Robinson, K. Redmond, and D. Easterling, 2009: Trends in twentieth-century U.S. snowfall using a quality-controlled dataset. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 26 (1), 33–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008JTECHA1138.1
  • Kunkel, K.E., L.E. Stevens, S.E. Stevens, L. Sun, E. Janssen, D. Wuebbles, K.T. Redmond, and J.G. Dobson, 2013: Regional Climate Trends and Scenarios for the U.S. National Climate Assessment Part 6. Climate of the Northwest U.S. NOAA Technical Report NESDIS 142-6. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, Silver Spring, MD, 83 pp. https://nesdis-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/migrated/NOAA_NESDIS_Tech_Report_142-6-Climate_of_the_Northwest_U.S.pdf
  • Kunkel, K.E., L.E. Stevens, S.E. Stevens, L. Sun, E. Janssen, D., Wuebbles, K.T. Redmond, and J.G. Dobson, 2013: Regional Climate Trends and Scenarios for the U.S. National Climate Assessment Part 5. Climate of the Southwest U.S. NOAA Technical Report NESDIS 142-5. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, Silver Spring, MD, 87 pp. https://nesdis-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/migrated/NOAA_NESDIS_Tech_Report_142-5-Climate_of_the_Southwest_U.S.pdf
  • Kunkel, K.E., L.E. Stevens, S.E. Stevens, L. Sun, E. Janssen, D. Wuebbles, J. Rennells, A. DeGaetano, and J.G. Dobson, 2013: Regional Climate Trends and Scenarios for the U.S. National Climate Assessment Part 1. Climate of the Northeast U.S. NOAA Technical Report NESDIS 142-1. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, Silver Spring, MD, 87 pp. https://nesdis-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/migrated/NOAA_NESDIS_Tech_Report_142-1-Climate_of_the_Northeast_US.pdf
  • Kunkel, K.E., L.E. Stevens, S.E. Stevens, L. Sun, E. Janssen, D. Wuebbles, S.D. Hilberg, M.S. Timlin, L. Stoecker, N.E. Westcott, and J.G. Dobson, 2013: Regional Climate Trends and Scenarios for the U.S. National Climate Assessment Part 3. Climate of the Midwest U.S. NOAA Technical Report NESDIS 142-3. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, Silver Spring, MD, 103 pp. https://nesdis-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/migrated/NOAA_NESDIS_Tech_Report_142-3-Climate_of_the_Midwest_US.pdf
  • Kunkel, K.E., P.D. Bromirski, H.E. Brooks, T. Cavazos, A.V. Douglas, D.R. Easterling, K.A. Emanuel, P.Y. Groisman, G.J. Holland, T.R. Knutson, J.P. Kossin, P.D. Komar, D.H. Levinson, and R.L. Smith, 2008: Observed Changes in Weather and Climate Extremes. In: Weather and Climate Extremes in a Changing Climate. Regions of Focus: North America, Hawaii, Caribbean, and U.S. Pacific Islands. Karl, T.R., G.A. Meehl, C.D. Miller, S.J. Hassol, A.M. Waple, and W.L. Murray, Eds. Climate Change Science Program, Washington, DC, 35–80. https://downloads.globalchange.gov/sap/sap3-3/sap3-3-final-all.pdf
  • Kunkel, K.E., L.E. Stevens, S.E. Stevens, L. Sun, E. Janssen, D. Wuebbles, C.E.K. II, C.M. Fuhrman, B.D. Keim, M.C. Kruk, A. Billet, H. Needham, M. Schafer, and J.G. Dobson, 2013: Regional Climate Trends and Scenarios for the U.S. National Climate Assessment Part 2. Climate of the Southeast. U.S. NOAA Technical Report NESDIS 142-2. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, Silver Spring, MD, 95 pp. https://nesdis-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/migrated/NOAA_NESDIS_Tech_Report_142-2-Climate_of_the_Southeast_US.pdf
  • Kunkel, K.E., L.E. Stevens, S.E. Stevens, L. Sun, E. Janssen, D. Wuebbles, M.C. Kruk, D.P. Thomas, M.D. Shulski, N.A. Umphlett, K.G. Hubbard, K. Robbins, L. Romolo, A. Akyuz, T.B. Pathak, T.R. Bergantino, and J.G. Dobson, 2013: Regional Climate Trends and Scenarios for the U.S. National Climate Assessment Part 4. Climate of the U.S. Great Plains. NOAA Technical Report NESDIS 142-4. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, Silver Spring, MD, 91 pp. https://nesdis-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/migrated/NOAA_NESDIS_Tech_Report_142-4-Climate_of_the_US_Great_Plains.pdf

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  • Yeh, S.-W., J.-S. Kug, B. Dewitte, M.-H. Kwon, B.P. Kirtman, and F.-F. Jin, 2009: El Niño in a changing climate. Nature, 461 (7263), 511–514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature08316
  • Young, A.M., P.E. Higuera, P.A. Duffy, and F.S. Hu, 2017: Climatic thresholds shape northern high-latitude fire regimes and imply vulnerability to future climate change. Ecography, 40 (5), 606–617. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ecog.02205

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